By Ikenna Omeje
Oil prices could end up $10 lower in the future than they otherwise would if the transition to cleaner energy speeds up, a Rystad Energy analysis has said.
This is as a result of the consecutive downturns that exploration and production companies (E&Ps) have faced during the past decade, which have accelerated the energy transition, adding to growing social and regulatory demands for greener energy solutions.
In an analysis marathon that has generated a series of three commentaries and a report to its clients, Rystad Energy assessed the way E&Ps are navigating the energy transition, based on energy diversification, portfolio resilience and decarbonization.
“This oil price downside risk is by far the biggest factor in determining the resilience of global E&P upstream portfolios, along with the potential for rising costs for emitting carbon dioxide.,” the company said in a release on Monday.
The independent energy research and business intelligence company providing data, tools, analytics and consultancy services to the global energy industry, said it has studied the portfolio resilience of the top 25 non-national oil and gas companies and found big differences in how robust they are to the risks of lower commodity prices and increased CO2 taxes.
“While the average portfolio value at risk due to volume (stranded assets) is normally very low, on average contributing less than 1 percent to the reduction in valuation, the value at risk due to price has the largest impact, contributing to an average reduction of 30 percent. The value at risk due to cost (CO2 tax) is low for most companies, mostly below 10 percent. As a result, up to 30-40 percent of the net present value of an average portfolio is at risk as a result of the energy transition,” it said.
According to Rystad Energy, there is a large span for the price risk among the different companies. For some companies the value is reduced by around 50 percent when the long-term oil price falls by $10 per barrel. It noted that companies with a large price risk are typically oil sands companies or shale/tight oil companies.
“The reason these companies are most affected is that their portfolios normally include assets with high breakeven prices. On the opposite side of the scale, most majors have a reduction in value due to price risk in the range of 20-25 percent. Mature assets and high gas content help reduce the risk for these companies.
“When it comes CO2-related costs, some companies stand out with a high value. Oil sands companies have the highest cost risk, causing the value of their portfolio to decrease by around 30% in an example of a CO2 tax of $100 per tonne.
“Eni, Shell, Equinor and Total all have very similar scores with modest value at risk. ExxonMobil has a higher revenue risk than its peers, primarily because its portfolio includes several large, capital-intensive projects such as Permian tight oil and its Guyana assets.
“Producers with less profitable projects, like oil sands and shale/tight oil, are typically punished both along the revenue and cost dimensions. The key reason for this is that the profitability of these projects is very sensitive to price and cost changes. In addition, oil sands projects normally have high CO2 emissions, which increases their cost risk,” it said.
Commenting on the analysis, the release quoted the Head of Upstream Research at Rystad Energy, Espen Erlingsen, as saying, “The energy transition risks vary depending on each individual E&P company. Equinor, for example, whose risk is relatively smaller compared to other peers, could see the value of its upstream portfolio reduced by $21.8 billion, almost 30%, with an oil price decrease of $10 per barrel and a CO2 tax.“
